Corona vaccine pre-orders worldwide top five billion

ISLAMABAD: Although none of the coronavirus vaccines under development has proved its efficacy yet in clinical trials, at least 5.7 billion doses have been pre-ordered around the world.

First shipments of a COVID-19 vaccine created by Western laboratories have often been snapped up by the United States, international media reported. Five vaccines — three Western and two Chinese — are in Phase 3 efficacy trials involving thousands of people.

In a surprise announcement, Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed Tuesday that a vaccine dubbed Sputnik V — after the Soviet satellite — conferred “sustainable immunity” against the novel coronavirus.

As research laboratories around the world race to develop a vaccine, manufacturers have received financing to help them prepare to have millions of doses ready to administer in 2021 or even before the end of the year.

Oxford University, working with the Swedish-British pharmaceutical group AstraZeneca, hopes to have results by September, while the US biotech company Moderna, partnering with the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), is aiming for the end of the year, possibly November.

US President Donald Trump has launched “Operation Warp Speed” in a bid to develop, manufacture and distribute a COVID-19 vaccine to all Americans by January 2021. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been directed to vaccine developers, including nearly $500 million to Johnson & Johnson at the end of March.

The United States has allocated funding to more companies than any other nation in the hope that one of them will come up with the vaccine to counter the highly contagious virus. So far, Washington has handed out at a total of at least $9.4 billion to seven vaccine developers and signed manufacturing contracts with five of them to provide 700 million doses.

Britain, because of Brexit, is negotiating a separate pre-order of 250 million doses from four developers. Japan is counting on 490 million doses from three suppliers, including 250 million from Novavax of the United States.

Brazil chose a similar model, ordering 100 million doses from AstraZeneca and partnering with China’s Sinovac to produce 120 million of CoronaVac, which is already undergoing testing with Brazilians.

Russia said 20 nations have pre-ordered 1 billion doses of Sputnik V and that with foreign partners it would be able to produce 500 million doses a year in five countries.

The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, launched in 2017 by Norway, India, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Welcome Trust, seeks to ensure that there is “equitable access” to future vaccines. It has pre-ordered 300 million doses from AstraZeneca for dozens of developing countries in a partnership with The Vaccine Alliance.

Billions of doses would be produced for Asia and elsewhere by the giant Serum Institute of India (SII), the largest vaccine producer in the world.

Russia said on Wednesday the first batch of the world’s first COVID-19 vaccine would be rolled out within two weeks and rejected as “groundless” safety concerns aired by some experts over Moscow’s rapid approval of the drug.

The vaccine has yet to complete its final trials and some scientists said they feared Moscow may be putting national prestige before safety.

“It seems our foreign colleagues are sensing the specific competitive advantages of the Russian drug and are trying to express opinions that in our opinion are completely groundless,” Health Minister Mikhail Murashko said the day after President Vladimir Putin announced it had won regulatory approval.

On the streets of Moscow, some Russians said they would be too scared to try the vaccine, while others agreed with their government that scepticism expressed by foreign experts was driven by jealousy. “I don’t trust Russian vaccines in general, I definitely won’t get vaccinated,” said Ekaterina Sabadash, 36, speaking outside Moscow’s Bolshoi Theatre.

Alexander, a photographer, was also wary. “Until it goes through (final) clinical trials and we get some confirmed results, I would be scared to get it done,” he said.

Others said they understood why Russia was in a hurry to get a new vaccine and trusted it, but doubted they would really have a say in whether to have it. “I’m a teacher and they’ll recommend we get it,” said Irina Fashchevskaya, a Moscow resident. “We’ll be forced to do it.”

Officials have said that the vaccine, developed by Moscow’s Gamaleya Institute, would be administered to people, including doctors, on a voluntary basis in the final trial. Mass roll-out in Russia is expected to start in October.

Scientists from Germany, the United States and Britain have queried the wisdom of approving the vaccine before testing is complete, saying it was risky from a safety point of view.

Kirill Dmitriev, head of Russia’s RDIF sovereign wealth fund, has spoken of an information war against his country, an assertion that finds sympathy with Russians weary of what they regard as years of Western condescension.

Mikhail Mechyov, a 42-year-old Moscow resident, said he saw jealousy behind Western warnings. “It’s natural to be cautious, but they are aimed at belittling the achievement of our country,” he said. “I think a lot has been done and it’s great there is a vaccine.”

The Moscow-based Association of Clinical Trials Organisations (ACTO), a trade body representing the world’s top drugmakers in Russia, had urged the health ministry to postpone the vaccine’s approval until the final trial had been completed.

“It’s the ambition, the desire to be first in a field in which, unfortunately, Russia cannot vie for a top spot,” executive director Svetlana Zavidova said. “Our task is now to warn the population because we so far don’t understand how they (the authorities) are going to carry out mass vaccination.”

Final trials, normally carried out on thousands of participants, are considered essential in determining safety and efficacy. Only about 10 percent of clinical trials are successful. The Philippines and Kazakhstan have expressed interest in the vaccine, while a senior World Health Organisation official says it has not received enough information to evaluate it.

Roman, a taxi driver in the Vladimir region, invoked a conspiracy theory to explain why he would be avoiding it. “It’s all about a global plan to put microchips into people being pushed by Bill Gates. I have zero trust,” he said.

Heidi Larson, who leads the Vaccine Confidence Project (VCP), a global surveillance programme on vaccine trust, said she feared Russia’s rush could further dent public trust. A survey in 19 countries, carried out by VCP and Business Partners to CONVINCE, a U.S./UK initiative that is partly government funded, is set to show that Russians were the least trusting of vaccines. Putin, who said the vaccine had already been administered to one of his daughters without any problems, and a string of other officials have insisted it is safe.