How to make medicines more affordable for patients?

Raw material synthesis is a cornerstone for the economic and social development of developing countries. By focusing on the local production of essential materials, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector, a nation can significantly enhance its self-sufficiency. One of the foremost benefits is the availability of affordable medicines. When raw materials are synthesized domestically, reliance on imports decreases, reducing production costs and making healthcare more accessible to populations that might otherwise struggle to afford necessary treatments. By ensuring essential drugs are within reach, a developing country like Pakistan can improve health outcomes and the overall quality of life for its citizens.

Beyond healthcare improvements, raw material synthesis enables effective utilization of local resources. Pakistan, for instance, possesses abundant natural resources that can be harnessed for industrial applications. By synthesizing raw materials locally, the country can add value to its natural assets, foster responsible resource management, and promote sustainable economy.

Furthermore, establishing domestic synthesis facilities stimulates job creation across multiple sectors, including research, manufacturing, quality control, marketing, and retail pharmacy. These industries contribute to the development of a skilled workforce, enhancing human capital and fostering long-term economic stability. According to industry reports as quoted by Wikipedia, Pakistan’s pharmaceutical sector comprises about 760 registered manufacturers, yet the majority rely on imported raw materials, which increases production costs and vulnerability to global market fluctuations. Strengthening local raw materials production can mitigate these dependencies and lead to a healthier economic outlook.

Developing a robust pharmaceutical raw material manufacturing sector not only benefits domestic markets but also opens avenues for export. As per the World Health Organization reports in 2017 countries with advanced synthesis capabilities, such as India and China, have successfully positioned themselves as global pharmaceutical hubs. If Pakistan strategically invests in this sector, it can increase foreign exchange earnings, reduce trade deficits, and attract foreign direct investment (FDI).

Additionally, engaging in international trade promotes technological advancements and encourages innovation through competitive pressures. Exporting synthesized materials also allows nations to diversify their economies, reducing dependency on a limited range of industries. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder the ability of developing countries to produce raw materials for pharmaceuticals.

One of the primary obstacles is the lack of adequate infrastructure. While Pakistan has a sizable pharmaceutical industry, many facilities are not equipped for raw material synthesis due to outdated technology and insufficient investment. Building modern manufacturing plants that meet international quality standards is crucial to overcoming this challenge.

The synthesis of pharmaceutical raw materials requires advanced technologies and innovative processes, typically fostered through substantial R&D investments. However, developing countries often prioritize immediate needs such as education and basic healthcare over scientific research. This underfunding restricts innovation and leaves nations dependent on foreign suppliers for critical medicinal components. To address this, Pakistan must foster academia-industry collaborations, ensuring that research institutions contribute directly to pharmaceutical advancements.

Regulatory barriers also play a crucial role in the inability to produce raw materials locally. Many developing nations lack stringent regulatory frameworks to ensure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products, which can discourage local and foreign investment. However, Pakistan’s Drug Regulatory Authority (DRAP) has made significant strides in developing a robust framework. By further streamlining approval processes and ensuring compliance with international standards, Pakistan can boost investor confidence and encourage local production.

High production costs, technology acquisition expenses, and compliance with international standards make local raw material production financially challenging. Limited access to capital further complicates the situation, preventing manufacturers from competing with established global suppliers. To counter this, public-private partnerships should be strengthened, with government incentives such as grants and low-interest loans encouraging investment in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

To successfully initiate and expand raw material production for pharmaceuticals, Pakistan should adopt a multi-pronged approach including establishment of state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities that meet international standards will be essential for local production. Increased funding for R&D through public-private partnerships and academic collaborations can drive innovation and technological advancements. Furthermore, DRAP should continue refining its policies to create a transparent and investor-friendly environment. Concurrently investment in education and training programmes will equip the workforce with the necessary expertise in pharmaceutical synthesis and quality control. By aligning production with global demand and compliance standards, Pakistan can establish itself as a competitive exporter of pharmaceutical raw materials.

The synthesis of raw materials is vital for the sustainable growth of developing countries, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. By ensuring access to affordable medicines, utilizing local resources effectively, creating employment opportunities, and tapping into global export markets, Pakistan can pave the way for economic resilience and improved living standards. Addressing mutual collaborations, increasing R&D investments, and strengthening regulatory mechanisms making it more friendly will be key to achieving self-sufficiency in pharmaceutical raw materials. Through coordinated efforts between the government, private sector, and academia, Pakistan can transform its pharmaceutical industry into a pillar of national and global economic strength.

Dr. Muhammad Akhlaq, Ph.D.

Chairman, Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University