Human activity to blame for virus spread

PARIS: Diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping the globe could become more common as human activity destroys habitats and forces disease-carrying wild animals into ever-closer proximity with us, a major study showed on Wednesday.

Illegal poaching, mechanised farming and increasingly urbanised lifestyles have all led to mass biodiversity loss in recent decades, devastating populations of wild animals and increasing the abundance of domesticated livestock. Around 70 percent of human pathogens are zoonotic, meaning they at some point make the leap from animals to humans as with COVID-19.

US-based researchers looked at more than 140 viruses known to have been transmitted from animals to humans, and cross-referenced them with the IUCN’s Red List of endangered species. They found that domesticated animals, primates, bats and rats carried the most zoonotic viruses — around 75 percent.

But they also concluded that the risk of spillover from animal to human populations was highest when a species is threatened by over-consumption and habitat loss. “Our data highlight how exploitation of wildlife and destruction of natural habitat in particular, underlie disease spillover events, putting us at risk for emerging infectious diseases,” said Christine Johnson, from the University of California’s School of Veterinary Medicine, lead author of the research. Last year the United Nations panel on biodiversity warned that up to one million species faced extinction as a result of human activity. The landmark assessment showed that 75 percent of land and 40 percent of oceans on Earth have already been severely degraded by mankind

Deforestation, in particular, is placing increasing pressure on wild mammals, which struggle to adapt to dwindling habitats. And as we encroach further on their territory, wild animals are being forced into increasing contact with humans, heightening the risk of another COVID-19. “We alter the landscape through deforestation, conversion of land for growing crops or raising livestock, or building up communities,” Johnson said.