Germany under fire for Saudi arms export ban

BERLIN: Export power Germany has long had a troubled relationship with selling arms abroad, a legacy of its dark history that is now spelling deep discord with its European allies.

Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government has recently sparred with both France and Britain over the issue, while trouble is also brewing within her uneasy left-right coalition government.

Especially Berlin’s decision to freeze weapons sales to Saudi Arabia over the killing last October of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, as well as the Yemen war, has upset Paris and London because it puts joint defence projects on ice.

British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt voiced "deep concern" that Berlin’s stance damaged Europe’s defence industry and its "ability to meet its Nato commitments", in a letter to his German counterpart Heiko Maas reported on by Spiegel Online.

The picture becomes more complex given recent bold future visions to pool European military strengths, partially in response to US President Donald Trump’s "America First" approach and his verbal attacks on Nato allies.

As during the refugee crisis, a moralistic political debate within Germany -- a country at pains to draw the right lessons from its Nazi and Holocaust past -- is now straining the patience of its allies.

Polls have shown that some two thirds of German citizens reject weapons exports. The centre-left Social Democrats (SPD), Merkel’s junior coalition partners, in particular have a strong pacifist legacy and a tendency to condemn corporate profits earned from selling "killing machinery".

"In Germany public scepticism towards arms exports is almost unanimous," said Michael Broening of think-tank the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. "Given its history of belligerence, Germany’s public has long viewed arms exports with a mix of moral outrage and helplessness.

"For many Social Democrats the current debate about arms exports seems like a golden opportunity to prove their progressive credentials and sharpen their ideological profile." Despite all the agonising, Germany is among the world’s top arms exporters, a club that is led by the United States and also includes Russia, China, France and Britain.

The government regularly meets to review sales under the war weapons control law. One company that has run afoul of the strict rules was gunmaker Heckler & Koch, which was fined 3.7 million euros ($4.2 million) by a German court on Thursday.

Two of its former employees were also given suspended jail terms for illegally exporting thousands of assault rifles to violence-torn Mexican states in breach of the export licence. Human rights activists had charged that the G36 automatic rifles were used in abuses including the 2014 disappearance -- and suspected massacre -- of 43 Mexican students.

Last October, when the killing of Khashoggi sparked widespread revulsion, Berlin reacted by suspending arms sales to Riyadh. Germany urged other countries to do likewise, but French President Emmanuel Macron dismissed the call in unusually sharp language. "What is the link between arms sales and Mr Khashoggi?" he said, calling it "pure demagoguery to call for a halt".