Rising sea levels pose risks for HK’s artificial island project

As Hong Kong recovers from one of the strongest typhoons in decades, a controversial plan to build a vast artificial island is facing intense scrutiny from environmental groups, lawmakers and academics who say it will be vulnerable to rising sea levels and storms.

The East Lantau Metropolis plan, backed by powerhouse property developers including New World Development and Henderson Land, is the government’s favoured option to address a chronic housing shortage in one of the world’s most expensive property markets.

But the project, which envisions housing more than 1 million people across 1,700 hectares of reclaimed land, is probably the worst choice, said Lam Chiu-ying, a former director of Hong Kong’s weather bureau.

"Unfathomable climate risk, destruction of 22 square kilometres of natural marine habitat, extremely costly - with the cost comparable to the total government reserves - and strategically vulnerable transport-wise," he said. Local media have estimated the cost at up to HK$500 billion, while environmental groups estimate the cost at HK$700 billion or more.

With a population of more than seven million, the former British colony is one of the world’s densest places. The city is largely adept at dealing with typhoons, which occur regularly in southern China, yet the authorities underestimate the impact of rising sea levels and more extreme future weather, environmentalists say.

Hong Kong saw unprecedented flooding and damage during September’s Typhoon Mangkhut, with seawater swallowing roads and enveloping residential and office buildings, while public transport networks were largely paralysed.

Walton Li of Greenpeace said it was one of the world’s most vulnerable port cities. As it faces stronger typhoons and higher storm surges, the risk of flooding will dramatically increase, he added.

Our Hong Kong Foundation, a think tank backed by property developers and former chief executive Tung Chee-hwa, is the driving force behind the Lantau reclamation project. The group has deployed a glitzy marketing campaign, including an emotive video starring local celebrity Andy Lau this month.

Its message: reclamation is the best solution considering "cost effectiveness, environmental conservation, planning and infrastructure, and the preservation of property rights. "The project could be built higher to address rising sea levels and heavy tropical storms, a foundation representative told Reuters, adding that waves during typhoons were not estimated to exceed two meters where the island would be built.

The Hong Kong government has said the development would be built to standards that accounted for climate change. Chief Executive Carrie Lam said in her policy address on Wednesday that the government was studying the planned reclamation, with the first phase of the development to start in 2025. Temperatures are likely to rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius between 2030 and 2052 if global warming continues at its current pace, a UN report said this week.

"The government has a head-in-the-sand approach," said Hong Kong-based environmentalist Martin Williams. Williams pointed to Osaka’s Kansai airport, which was flooded after Typhoon Jebi in September, as an example of how the island project could go badly.