Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the progeny of computer science pioneers Alan Turing and John McCarthy, originating as an academic discipline in 1956 and evolving into a global technological superpower. As of late 2025, AI has transitioned into the era of "Agentic AI," characterised by systems capable of autonomous reasoning with a prominent family that includes OpenAI’s GPT, Google’s Gemini, and Anthropic’s Claude. These models now have widespread applications across healthcare and the creative arts, driving the global economy while simultaneously facing intense scrutiny under governance frameworks like the EU AI Act regarding energy consumption and the future of human labour.