Six per 1,000 individuals suffering from autism in Southeast Asia: study

ISLAMABAD: The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is six per 1000 individuals in Southeast Asian countries including Pakistan and it is estimated that around 1 million children, mostly young boys could be suffering from the neurodevelopmental condition in Pakistan, experts said quoting the latest studies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects how a person communicates with and relates to others, experts said adding that people with ASD may have difficulty with social interactions and communication, and they may show repetitive behaviors or have narrow interests. “ASD can vary widely from person to person, so some individuals may have mild symptoms while others may have more severe challenges. It’s called a “spectrum” disorder because it includes a wide range of symptoms and abilities”, says Dr. Khurram Shahzad, a renowned child psychiatrist associated with a private healthcare facility.

Talking to The News in connection with World Autism Day 2024, which was observed on April 02, he said studies conducted in Pakistan indicate that the prevalence of ASD is increasing. While accurate statistics are challenging to obtain due to limited resources and awareness, estimates suggest that approximately 1 in 150 children in Pakistan may be affected by ASD, he said adding that this figure, however, may vary across different regions and communities. According to him, as the real cause of ASD was still unknown, several factors contributed to the rising prevalence of ASD in Pakistan.

The increased awareness and improved diagnostic capabilities among healthcare professionals, led to more accurate identification of individuals with ASD, Dr Shahzad informed. Additionally, changes in societal attitudes and cultural perceptions have encouraged families to seek diagnosis and support for their loved ones with ASD, he added. “But despite progress, challenges remain in addressing the needs of individuals with ASD in Pakistan. Limited access to specialized healthcare services, including diagnostic facilities and therapies, poses significant barriers to early intervention and support. Stigma and misconceptions surrounding ASD persist in some communities, hindering acceptance and inclusion”, he informed. He maintained that efforts were underway to improve the understanding and support for individuals with ASD in Pakistan.

On the other hand, to raise awareness about ASD, Shifa International Hospital organized the World Autism Awareness Walk, led by the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Rehabilitation. Taimoor Shah, Chief Operating Officer of Shifa International Hospital, said that autism acceptance is crucial because it raises understanding, inclusion, and respect for neurodiversity, promoting a society where individuals with autism can thrive without facing stigma or discrimination. Dr Nosheen Kazmi, Associate Consultant in Psychiatry and lead autism services, highlighted the importance of awareness of autism and how these individuals can be included in society.

Consultant Psychiatrist and Section Head Dr Mehboob Yaqub emphasized that unidentified autism in adults has a significant adverse impact on the lives of individuals, their loved ones, and their interactions in professional environments. He said that a better understanding of autism during childhood can help families plan their lives more smoothly, ultimately resulting in better contributions to society. Rehabilitation expert Kashif Khan highlighted the crucial role of rehabilitation in empowering individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to develop essential skills, enhance communication abilities, and achieve independence for a fulfilling and integrated life.