Can daytime sleepiness increase risk of dementia in older adults?

A new study has found that older adults, who are excessively sleepy during the day or have prominent sleep issues, are at an increased risk for a pre-dementia condition known as motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR).

The syndrome was marked by slower walking speed and some memory challenges. It was more common among people over 65 who were classified as "poor sleepers," characterised by excessive daytime drowsiness and low motivation for daily activities, reported Medical News Today.

The study was published in Neurology, which is the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

“For younger people, especially those in middle age, sleep issues (eg excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmented sleep patterns, undiagnosed sleep apnea) might increase the risk of future cognitive decline. Research suggests that sleep disturbances in midlife, such as chronic insomnia or sleep apnea, could contribute to neurodegenerative changes that manifest as dementia later in life,” said board certified neurologist Dr Verna Porter on the link between sleep and dementia.

She added: “If sleep apnea or insomnia develops in middle age, it’s important to seek treatment promptly. For example, untreated/under treated sleep apnea can not only increase the risk for cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease but can also increase the risk for future dementia (eg, Alzheimer’s disease).”

Consultant neurologist Dr Steve Allder also echoed this sentiment, saying that it was essential to address sleep issues earlier in life.

“A pattern of poor sleep in middle age may increase the risk of dementia years later if it contributes to other health issues like cardiovascular disease or inflammation, both of which are linked to cognitive decline,” he said.

Additionally, people in middle age can take several steps to reduce the risk of future sleep problems. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management and good sleep hygiene practices are among valuable habits.