KIEV: A 34-year-old woman tried to have a baby for 15 years before she turned to a pioneering doctor in Ukraine and a groundbreaking but ethically disputed "three-parent" procedure.
She became the mother of a healthy baby boy in January at a private clinic in Kiev using a process called pronuclear transfer that inserts the couple’s genes into a donor’s egg.
The procedure had been previously used to treat serious genetic diseases.
But doctor Valeriy Zukin become the first to use it to help two separate infertile couples have children in this way.
"There are patients whom we cannot help to have their own genetically-related baby unless we use this method," the 60-year-old told AFP at his Nadiya clinic.
Some two million women across the globe use in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to get pregnant every year.
But Zukin’s treatment targets a tiny percentage of women whose embryos suffer from a disorder called embryo arrest that can either stunt development or kill them.
The difference in the method Zukin uses is that a woman’s egg is first fertilised with her partner’s sperm.
Then its nucleus is transferred to a donor’s egg that has been stripped of its own nucleus.
The egg is thus almost entirely made up of genetic material from the couple -- plus a tiny amount (about 0.15 percent) from the female donor’s DNA.
Not everyone however shares Zukin’s enthusiasm.
Ukraine’s conservative clerics argue that the technique breaches ethical norms.
"A child can only have two parents and the presence of a third person -- and especially the DNA of a third person -- is morally unacceptable," Father Feodosiy of the dominant Ukrainian Orthodox Church told AFP.
"It violates the sanctity of the marriage between woman and man."
Other religions have also weighed in on the issue with the Roman Catholic Church opposing the move because it would involve the destruction of human embryos as part of the process. The Church of England has said ethical concerns have not been sufficiently addressed. Even some scientists have reservations.
They warn against jumping to early conclusions about how successful the method would be if it were to be applied to the general population.